الفهرس 
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Abstract
Simple states of loading, such as tension and compression are not always the kind of stresses encountered in structures and machine . current investigations confirmed that, many failure of machine and structural parts are found to occur at points of stress concentration produced by scratches, notches,holes,or other abrupt changes in cross section of the member (2.3 ).at these points of change in dimensions the stress are much larger than the average stresses for such members. For example, in the tension member with a round notch where, the stress distribution across minimum section through the notch is not uniform but usually varies.
This work consists of five main chapters.chapter I deals with the review of previous theoretical works.
A theoretical parts concerning a view for calculating the triaxial stresses and strains on notched specimens is given in chapter II. Details of experimental program and tests are given in chapter III. Chapter IV containts the results of the experimental test. Analysis of test results and their discussions are also included in chapter IV. Conclusions and some recommendation are presented in chapter V. references are given at the and of this thesis.