الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Conclusion
In this study ultrasound was found to be an accurate method for detection of early hydronephrosis while in advanced conditions, it is of almost importance in detecting the thickness of the renal cortex and the degree of hydronephrosis. In agreement with previous studies, sonography proved to be more occlusive in the case of silent kidney in intravenous urography as it allowed the visualization of this kidney in the state of advanced hydronephrosis.
In the present work we failed to demonstrate calcifications in the wall of the urinary bladder by ultrasound. This was in agreement with a previous study and contrary to another one and was explained by technical reasons.
In agreement with previous studies, we found that ultrasound was a valuable and sensitive tool in detecting tumors processes of the urinary bladder. Cystescopy confirmed the diagnosis of all the bladder masses detected by ultrasound in this study. Sonography was also valuable in detecting of the amount of post voiding residual urine and we suggested that the diagnosis of increased amount of post voiding residual urine without prostatic enlargement in a patient living in an endemic area should raises the possibility of bilharazial affection of this bladder and this inability to empty the bladder completely may be due to bilharazial bladder neck obstruction or fibrosis of the wall with impaired contractility of the bladder.
In this study, sonography was valuable for measuring the bladder wall thickness, considering it pathological when equal to or more than five mm.