الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aim of the work
To evaluate the role of spiral computed tomography scanning in staging of urinary bladder cancer and to compare its results with the pathological findings obtained after surgery.
Conclusion
Helical computed tomography is a valuable, non-invasive and safe imaging method for staging bladder tumors. CT has been shown to be an effective method of depicting tumor extension beyond the bladder wall and is more accurate as disease progresses. Moreover, it can identify enlarged lymph nodes in the external, obturator and internal iliac groups within the pelvis and also the paraaortic lymph nodes in the abdomen. Nevertheless, there is general agrrement that CT cannot differentiate between superficial and deep muscle infiltrating tumors owning to the similar density values of the tumor and the normal bladder wall. Therefore, the main limitations of CT were the inability to stage early tumors confined to the bladder wall and from the difficulty in depicting early extravesical extension and organ invasion.
For more accurate data, CT staging of the bladder tumors should be carried out either before cystoscopy or after an interval of at least two weeks to avoid the false positive results, which may occur in such situation.
Ultrasonography is one of the most important diagnostic modalities in the diagnosis of the urinary bladder lesions. Transrectal ultrasonographic examination provides local staging of the bladder tumor.
Transrectal ultrasonography is inferior to helical computed tomography in detecting tumor extension to the adjacent organs and in staging of the bladder tumors.