الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This work aimed at studying cases of missed IUD attending or referred to the family planning clinic of EL-Minia university hospital to describe the etiology of missing the intrauterine contraceptive device.
Also, the study aimed to evaluate the value of using endoscopy whether hysteroscopy or laparoscopy in such situations.
The merits and demerits of endoscopic techniques can thus be elucidated.
Conclusions:
The most dangerous etiology for missing intrauterine contraceptive device threads in uterine perforation. This risk can be minimized if the high risk group were dealt with by a more experienced gynecologist.
Although insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device can be done by the general practitioner, difficult cases having abnormal uterine position should be treated by more experienced personnel to minimize the problem of perforation.
Feeling the click of the intrauterine contraceptive device inside the uterine cavity using the uterine sound is a good positive test denoting an intrauterine location but it is not of the same negative value.
Routine use of ultrasonography adopting the full bladder technique can diagnose all cases having intrauterine location of the device, as well as any coexisting pregnancy. It should be a routine step in the workup of dealing with cases complaining of missing their contraceptive devices.
Hysteroscopy is a less invasive technique capable of dealing with any device located within the uterine cavity, whether by extracting them or by bringing down their threads out of the endocervical canal to their normal position. In addition it gives detailed information about any association endometrial pathology.
By the use of hysteroscopy for management of intrauterine contraceptive devices perforating the uterine wall, unnecessary laparotomy can be avoided.