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Abstract
Sepsis was defined as the presence of at least two of the four systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria developing in response to a documented or suspected infection.
Reported mortality rates in patients with severe sepsis range from 28% to 50% or higher.
SIRS represents the systemic response to several clinical insults.SIRS can develop independently of any infection, for example,in cases of pancreatitis, polytrauma, or immune complex disease. Infectious as well as noninfectious events may activate the cytokine network.
Elevated plasma concentrations of a variety of cytokines and chemokines.
Giving too many antibiotics increases the “antibiotic pressure” in a given intensive care unit, which could result in the development of multi-resistant bacteria. There are data suggesting that the administration of more antibiotics increases the risk of contracting a nosocomial infection caused by a multi-resistant bacterium and doubles the risk of death.
NO is an important element of host defense, a central component of innate immunity, and an effective anti-microbial agent.
Excess NO release resulting from iNOS activation, in addition to being regarded as the final common mediator of sepsis, is also essential for the up regulation of inflammatory response.
Some aspects of the interaction of oxyradicals, natural antioxidants, and nitric oxide (NO) production during endotoxemia were proved. There is some evidence that oxyradicals and NO are released at the same time during sepsis.