الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE WORKOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 142 |  |  |
| | | from | 142 | | |
Abstract
The aim of our work is early detection of any malignant changes in the urinary tract endothelium and early detection of bladder tumours by using of a simple, economic, non invasive screening test especially among high risk populations e.g. farmers whom are exposed to carcinogenic days and patients with chronic cystitis.
Conclusion:
In this work, the validity of urine cytology as a screening test for the detection of bladder tumours was measured by the sensitivity and specificity. The overall sensitivity of voided urine cytology was 80% with a specificity of 99% and diagnostic accuracy of 96%. However, the sensitivity of urine cytology increased with increasing grade of tumours detected. Meanwhile, the yield of urine cytology in detecting bladder malignant bladder tumours can be increased, if we considered the diagnosis of suspicious cytology (dysplastic cells) to be added to the positive diagnosis of urine cytology, so that increasing the sensitivity to 90%.
The combination of flow cytometry or quantitative fluorescence image cytometry to urine cytology will increase the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology, as they are more sensitive and more specific than routin cytology for detection of bladder cancer.