الفهرس 
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Abstract
The specific aims of this present thesis were to: (a) study the effect of aspartame on the rate of absorption of Ca2+, in vitro, using the everted-intestine of rat in the presence of vitamin D3 or NaF and a combination of aspartame and vitamin D3 as well as a combination of aspartame, vitamin D3 and sodium fluoride, (b) evaluate the effect of the above mentioned and kidney functions to treat induced-bone loss (osteopenia) using Sprague dawley juvenile female rat. The in vitro results indicated that the absorption of Ca2+ decreased progressively through the intestine as we go from the proximal to the distal bowel. Also, the rate of absorption of Ca2+ was directly proportional to the concentration of Ca2+ when we used an incubation time of one hour even though the used of Ca2+ concentration was more than 1 μM.