الفهرس 
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Abstract
Evaluation of some commercial typeso of shortening :
- The specific at 40/20°C ranged from O.8711 ( in Rawady brand) to o.9188 (in premo brand) with an average 0.8949.
- the highest value of viscosity at 20 °C was recorded in Nerfertiti brand (91.250 cp.). in contrast, the lowest value was noticed in Rawaby brand (23.125cp).
- there were high differences in the melting point of the studied samples.
It was ranged between 38.75 °C for Rawaby brand and 50.00 °C FOR Al-Tahi brand.
- colour which is consider as another indicator of quality, the highest value of colour intensity was noticed in Nerfertiti brand while, the lowest value was recorded in El-Hanim brand.