الفهرس 
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Abstract
Integral equations arise in a great many branches of science; for example, in potential theory, acoustics, elasticity, fluid mechanics, radiative transfer, theory of population, etc. In many instances the integral equation originates from the conversion of a boundary-value problem or an initial-value problem associated with a partial or an ordinary differential equation, but many problems lead directly to integral equations and cannot be formulated in terms of differential equations.