الفهرس 
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Abstract
Tuberculosis is a high burden disease, especially in developing countries. According to the WHO, in 2006, there were 9.2 million new TB cases, 86% being in Asia and Africa. The reported percentage of TB cases occurring in children varies from 3% to more than 25%. It is now clear that susceptibility to virulent intracellular pathogens, like TB, is influenced by host genetic background as well, and it is supposed that efficient activation of cellular immune response specifically IFN- may play a key role in protection and control of TB infection. IL-10 is a multifunctional cytokine first described as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, which inhibits IFN- cytokine production. Accordingly: This study was designed to assess the relationship between IFN- and IL-10 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to TB with special emphasizes on their possible role in affecting clinical status. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 60 children, 40 tuberculous patients and 20 healthy controls with matched age and sex. Molecular identification of IL-10 and IFN- genes polymorphism was carried out using Allelic discrimination by real time PCR. Results: This study revealed that G allele frequency of IL-10 (A-1082G) was higher in TB patients than of the controls with lower frequency of AA genotypes in patients group than of controls, also A allele frequency was higher in TB controls than those of patients. Mean while, IFN- (T+874A) AA genotype was higher in patients group than controls. On the other hand, TT genotype frequency was lower in patients group than controls. Moreover, significant association was observed in the frequencies of IL-10 (A-1082G) genotypes in IFN- (T+874A). Highly significant association was found between IL-10 (A-1082G) and IFN- (T+874A) expression in patients and controls. Conclusion: IL-10 (A-1082G) and IFN- (T+874A) genes polymorphism might be crucial for protective immuneresponses and may serve as biomarkers of protection or susceptibility of TB.