الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract This work aims at the use of Egyptian petroleum waxes with additives in the production of compounded waxes and tailoring their properties for different industrial applications. A standard industrial formula was used as a base reference with its expected all chemical, physical and thermal properties of the produced compounded wax blend. The components of this formula are paraffin wax (PW), microcrystalline wax ( MCW), Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EV A Copolymer), [Dicylo pentadiene resin (DCPD tackifying resin)] known commercially as Escorez 5400 and [ a - Methyl styrene ( a - MS resin)] known commercially as kristalex F 100. The standard used wax compound is a mixture of PW(60% wt), MCW ( 14% wt) ,DCPD tackifying resin ( 1.25 % WT), a- MS resin ( 3.75 % wt ) and EV A( 21 % wt ) . Eighteen formulas based on the components of this reference formula were investigated by varying the percentage in weight of the different gradients of this reference formula. These eighteen formulas of the compounded waxes were prepared and the physical, chemical and thermal properties were measured. This work includes three main chapters: The first chapter: summaries the types and usage of waxes from ancient to modern century. The natural waxes, are divided into two main categories, plant and animal waxes ,where synthetic wax, the first is named Fisher - Trouph wax and the second is polyolefin wax. The petroleum waxes are divided into: paraffin waxes ( Macrocrystalline waxes) and microcrystalline waxes (Micro waxes) . This chapter includes information about the manufacturing processes of both paraffin wax and Microcrystalline wax as well as the classification and methods for determination of properties of compounded waxes. These properties include physical, chemical and thermal analysis properties for both paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax. Also, investigated was the effect of different types of polymers, which can be used in compounded waxes especially Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer ( EV A Copolymer) and others and their applications. The second chapter: includes the experimental work; the general properties of the raw materials used to prepare compounded waxes, general characterization of paraffin wax, Microcrystalline wax ,EVA Copolymer, Escorez 5400 ( DCPD tackifying resin), and kristalex F 100 (a- Ms resin). Discussed are the methods of analysis of each of the ingredients of all components which are used to prepare compounded waxes, as well as the experimental methods of preparing the different compounded waxes. . The preparation technique of the compounded wax by changing the percentage of two components without changing the other three components. Eighteen formulas were prepared based on four cases of compounded wax: First case: compounded wax prepared by changing the percentage of paraffin wax (50% wt - 70% wt), Microcrystalline wax ( 4%wt - 24%wt ) while other ingredients are constant. Second case: compound waxes prepared by changing the percentage of paraffin wax (50% wt - 70% wt), EVA Copolymer ( 11 %wt - 31 %wt ), while other ingredients are constant. |