الفهرس 
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Abstract
This pot experiment was conducted during the two successive seasons of 2004 and 2005 in a private Nursery located at Assiut district , Assiut Governorate . br The aim of this study was studying of the response and tolerance of transplants of grapevine cvs Banaty, Superior and Flame to salinity and lime in the soil. br The experiment included two factors. The first factor comprised from own rooted transplants of three grapevine cv Banaty, Superior and Flame, while the second factor included the following seven soil salinity and lime (calcium carbonate) treatments:- br 1- Unsalinized and unlime soil. br 2- Soil salinity at 1000 ppm. br 3- Soil salinity at 2000 ppm. br 4- Soil salinity at 4000 ppm. br 5- Liming soil with calcium carbonate at 5 % br 6- Liming soil with calcium carbonate at 10 % br 7- Liming soil with calcium carbonate at 20 % br Therefore, the experiment involved 21 treatments, replicated three times, ten transplants per replicate. br Soil salinity was derived by using sodium chloride and sodium sulphate on an equal weight. br All transplants were planted in black polyethylene pots filled with 6 kg sandy soil. Water content of soil was kept at field capacity by weight . br All transplants received the required macro and micronutrients to ensure that these nutrients did not limit the growth. br This factorial experiment was set up in a complete randomized design. br At the end of each season, the following parameters were measured: br 1-Survival %. br 2-Plant height (cm.) br 3-Stem thickness (cm.) br 4-Number of leaves / plant. br 5-Leaf area (cm2) br 6-Number of lateral shoots / plant. br 7-Root distribution (cm.2) br 8-Main root length (cm.) br 9-Number of secondary roots / plant. br 10-Dry weight of roots / plant. (g.) br 11-Dry weight of whole plant ( g.) br 12-Plant pigments (mg/ 1 F.W.) (Chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoides) br 13-Uptake of N,P, K, Na and Cl by plant ( mg. / plant) br The same results nearly obtained in both seasons could be summarized as follows: br 1- Survival percentage: br It was greatly varied among the three grapevine cvs. growing under salinity and lime conditions . The maximum values were detected on the transplants of grapevine cvs Flame, Superior and Banaty , in descending order. br Salinity at 1000 to 4000 ppm and lime at 5 to 20 % conditions caused a considerable reduction on survival percentage in transplants of the three grapevine cvs. The reduction was associated with increasing concentrations of salinity and lime in the soil. The reduction was clearly shown in transplants under salinity condition than in those under lime ones. Soil salinity at 4000 ppm gave the minimum values. br The highest survival percentage was recorded on the transplants of the grapevine cv Flame growing under unsalinized and unlime soil. Growing Banaty grapevine transplants under 4000 soil salinity gave the minimum values. br 2-Growth and root characters: br Growth characters namely plant height, stem thickness, number of leaves per plant, leaf area , number of lateral shoots and dry weight of whole plant as well as root parameters namely root distribution, main root length , number of secondary roots and dry weight of roots per plant were remarkably differed according to the three grapevine cvs. The transplants of the grapevine cvs, Flame, Superior and Banaty , in descending order had the maximum values. br Growth and root parameters in the transplants were negatively affected by salinity and lime conditions. Growing the transplants of each grapevine cvs under salinity at 1000 to 4000 ppm and lime at 5 to 20 % , resulted in great depression on such growth and root parameters compared to the check treatment . The harmful effects of such characters was attributed to exposing to salinity than to lime conditions. Transplants growing under 4000 salinity had the minimum values. The maximum values were recorded on transplants growing under the check soil. br Growing Banaty grapevine transplants under 4000 ppm soil salinity produced the minimum values. The maximum values were recorded on Flame grapevine transplants growing under unsalinized and unlime soil. br 3-Plant pigments and uptake of N, P, K, Na and Cl. br Plant pigments namely chlorophylls a and b, total chlorolphylls and total carotenoides as well as uptake of N, P, K, Na and Cl were greatly varied among the tested grapevine cvs. The maximum values of chlorophylls a and b, total chlorophylls and total carotenoides as well as uptake of N, P and K and the minimum values of Na and Cl were recorded on the transplants of the grapevine cvs Banaty, Superior and Flame, in ascending order. br Plant pigments and uptake of N, P and K were remarkably reduced due to subjecting the transplants of the three grapevine cvs to salinity and lime treatments. However, uptake of Na and Cl did not alter with the present treatments. The effect of salinity either in increase or decrease was associated with increasing salinity concentrations. Salinity at 4000 ppm caused a considerable reduction on plant pigments and uptake of N, P and K and caused a marked increase on uptake of both Na and Cl. br Under unstress conditions, Flame grapevine transplants had the maximum plant pigments and uptake of N, P and K and had the minimum uptake of Cl and Na. Growing Banaty grapevine transplants under 4000 ppm soil salinity effectively reduced plant pigments and uptake of N, P and K while increased uptake of Na and Cl. br CONCLUSION: br According to the present results, one can conclud that : br 1-Stress caused by salinity and lime in the soil at higher levels caused a negative effects on vegetative growth characters, root parameters, plant pigments and uptake of essential elements ( N, P and K ) and had positive effects on uptake of Na and Cl. br 2-The tolerance for salinity and lime in the soil was greatly varied among the transplants of grapevine cvs Banaty , Superior and Flame br 3-The previous damage caused by salinity was higher than thus derived from liming. br 4-According to the values of growth characters, Flame seedless grapevine cv was more tolerant to salinity and lime in the soil than the other two grapevine cvs Superior and Banaty and could tolerate 2000 ppm salinity and 10% calcium carbonate in the soil without harmful effects on growth and uptake of essential elements. Superior grapevine cv occupied the second position after Flame seedless regarding the tolerance to salinity, since it withstands 1000 ppm salinity and 5 % lime in the soil. However, grapevine cv Banaty was more sensitive to salinity and lime in the soil and planting it in medium containing salinity or lime at lower levels can result in inhibiting growth. br Therefore, it is suggested to plant grapevine cv Flame seedless in sandy soil characterized with salinity ( 2000 ppm) or had calcium carbonate ( at 10%) . In such soil it is possible for growing Superior grapevine cv when salinity level was 1000 ppm, or contained lime at 5%. br 5-It is preferable for preventing the plantation of Banaty grapevine cv in saline or calcareous sandy soil. br 6-Salinity at 4000 ppm and lime at 20 % caused a great damage to transplants of all the tested grapevine cvs.