الفهرس 
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The accurate measurements of both energy loss and energy straggling of heavy charged particles in matter are required for applications in many fields of physics,such as nuclear physics surface analysis ion implantation and structure of the atom and so on.during the last decade the use of ion beams has proved itself a very powerful tool in the modification as well as in the analysis,it is important to know the exct behaviour.