الفهرس 
Introduction
MethodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 85 |  |  |
| | | from | 85 | | |
Abstract
Pain represents a major health problem among older people. Their pain is due in part to the progression of chronic disease and the increase incidence of many painful conditions, such as osteoarthritis. The complex nature of pain has been recognized by describing seven dimensions of the pain namely: physiological, behavioral, sensory, affective, cognitive, sociocultural, and spiritual. Each of the seven dimensions overlaps the other and influences each other as they define the whole experience of pain. These dimensions are often not easily separated, and some dimensions may play more significant role in one person’s life than another.The accurate initial and ongoing assessment of pain is the cornerstone of effective pain management. Older adults may present special problems for nurses who must obtain accurate histories of pain. Many factors complicate the collection and interpretation of pain data in the aged population, including sensory and cognitive impairment, depression, and other factors that may hinder history taking.An extremely vulnerable population for absent or poorly diagnosed chronic pain is the cognitively impaired elderly. Popular incorrect assumptions regarding cognitively impaired elderly have been described, it was found that cognitively impaired older adults underreport their pain because ofolder adults.