الفهرس 
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Abstract
is an integral part of the tlonlng of any society.
It exhibits a very close to the style of life, the range and
productive and leisure activities, and the and services which will be vailable for Thus,the introduction of new or improved of transportation has been very closely celated with the velopment of modern civilization.c~~,~o.des of transportation, such as ships, trucks,
railways. undergrounds.monorails,
aircrafts. conveyors, piplines •••• etc.,meet different conditions. oiI.plts the great diversity of components o,f these systems, they possess a common set, of. functional components. 1 These common components are: (1) object, (2) path, (3) vehicle, (4) container, (5) terminal. 1. Object:
The object is that which to be 2. Path:
moved, passenger or ~reight. The path is the location in space along which the object flows3. Vehicle:
The vehicle is that which gives the
object mobility on the path and may serve to protect the object. 4. Container: The container is the device into or onto which the object is to be
transported. It differs from the
vehicle in that it does not itself
possess either mobility or capability of propelling itself on the path.
5. Terminal: Accepting objects to be moved into the system and getting them out of IE.K. Horlok, Introduction to Transportation Enaineerinq and Planning (New York: HcGraw - Hill, .19”?, . pp. 83-90. 1. the.