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Abstract
INTRODUCTION
The mango, Magnifera indica L., is grown throughout the subtropics and tropics and is one of the world’s most important fruit crops. India produces 70% of the world’s mangoes, although Mexico is the largest exporter of the fresh fruit. The total world production exceeds 11,500,000 tons (Anonymous, 1987) of which nearly 8,500,000 tons come from India.
The mango is a member of the family Anacardiaceae. This family also includes several other important fruit and nut species, e.g. cashew and pistachio nut. The center of greatest species diversity within the genus Magnifera is in Southeast Asia, particularly the island of Borneo. There are at least 62 species within the genus, and 15 of these bear edible fruit. The genus Mangifera belongs to the order Sapindales in the family Anacardiaceae, which is a family of mainly tropical species.division: Magnoliophyta. Class: Magnoliopsida. Subclass: Rosidae. Order: Sapindales. Family: Anacardiaceae. Genus: Mangifera and species: indica (Chadha and Pal, 1986)
There is considerable debate about the origin of. (Magnifera indica L) Two geographical races are recognized (a) polyembryonic race distributed throughout Southeast Asia, including the region of greatest species diversity within the genus, and (b) monoembryonic race thought to have originated in northeastern India and adjacent Myanmar (Burma) at the northernmost range of the genus. Polyembryonic mango tress is components of the tropical rain forest canopy, whereas monoembryonic mangoes originated in a region with a monsoon climate. The mango is a perennial, branching, evergreen tree is 30-40 m tall. Trees flowers after 5-7 years whereas clonally propagated grafted trees are generally smaller and can flower after 3-4 years (Laskhminarayana, 1980)
Depending on the cultivar, the shapes of mango leaves can range from lanceolate to round oblong. Viewed from the shoot tips, the leaves appear in a whorl. Young leaves are reddish brown but gradually become dark green. The cuticles are thick, and stomata are present in greater numbers on the upper surfaces (Anonymous, 2001).
The inflorescence is determinate, and flowers are borne in panicles. They develop usually from terminal buds and occasionally from maxillary buds. The mango panicle is conical and consists of a main axis with many branched secondary axes. Both hermaphrodite and male flowers are borne within the same panicle. The number of hermaphrodite flowers in a panicle determines the amount of fruit-set there are normally several hundred flowers in a single panicle, less than 1% of which develop in fruits because of pollination failure and premature fruit drop (Gan et al., 1981).
Mango (Mangifera indica L. 2n= 40) belonging to family Anacardiaceae is called as the king of fruits for it’s excellent taste and flavor and is one of the most popular and choicest fruit of India, so called the national fruit of India (Gan et al.,1981).
Of more than 1000 varieties of mangos kno