الفهرس 
INtroduction
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Abstract
A laboratory and field studies had been conducted to throw some light on the toxic effect of the avicides on the biology, histology and physiology of the different bird species. The obtained results could be ’summarized as the
followings:- 1- The effect of lebaycide and cyanox Avicides on The Biological
Aspects:- The reproductive efficiency of house sparrow and pigeon
was adversely influenced by the application of both cyanox and
lebaycide where:- The rate of egg hatching drastically was decreased.
The time required for hatching was prolonged. The average peroid before flying was increased. The mortality percentage of fledglings was higher when the eggs of house sparrow treated with cyanox than those treated
with lebaycide, while in pigeon the perecentage of fledglings was
higher in case of lebaycide than cyanox. 2- Teratogenic Effects of Avicides.
2-1. Morphological Teratisms 2-1-1 External Changes:- The teratogenic effects of treatments with either cyanox and lebaycide compounds during the incubation period of house sparrow and pigeon birds caused colour change to plumage and sparse feather of fledglings. Also, the two compounds caused enlarged shape on body size and shorted the beak of fledglings of two tested species, especially on the early stages and returned to• the” ”normal on the progressive ages in case of lebaycide, while cyanox treatment malformed only the progressive ages of the fledglings of the two tested species. 2-1-2. Internal Changes:- Lebaycide and Cyanox induced Congestion and enlargement on lung and liverof treated fledglings of the two bird species particulary in the early stages, while Cyanox revealed ahoemorrhagic patches on lung, liver and kideny enlargement and inflammation in small in small intestine. 2-2. Histological study:- The histopathological changes ill some organs of house
sparrow and pigeon with Cyanox and Lebaycide Compounds cleared that:- In Iiver:- The two compounds induced karyopyknosis of nuclei of cells and portal tracts and sinusoided spaces are widely dilated, widening of the blood cessels, degeneration and necrosis. In kideny:- Focal areas of haemorrhage in the intertubular connective tissue, degeneration of tubular epithelium and increase of the nucleus size with Cyanox and lebaycide treatments while at 10
days old fledgling treated with cyanox, showed lumen of renal tubules contained contained albuminous material. In Lung:- Pulmonary blood vessels were greatly dilated and engorged with blood, and focal areas of alveolar atelectosis and haemorrhage with two compounds. In Heart:- Haemorrhage, eodema, hyalinization of some cardiac muscles, degenerative changes of the myocardial muscles with thickening in the wall of coranary blood vessels and necrobiosis.