الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was done in Alexandria University Hospitals on male patients aged 65 years or older, ASA I-III, admitted to Genito-urinary surgery Department The patients will be divided into 4 groups each consist of 30 patients as follows:
Group I: In this group patients received intrathecal 7.5mg of Bupivacaine 0.5%.
Group II: In this group patients received intrathecal 5mg of Bupivacaine 0.5% and 20 µg
fentanyl
Group III: In this group patients received intrathecal 4mg of bupivacaine 0.5% and 20µg
fentanyl.
Group IV: In this group patients received intrathecal 3mg of bupivacaine 0.5% and 20µg
fentanyl.
The aim of the study was to determine whether the efficacy of different doses of intrathecal bupivacaine or bupivacaine and fentanyl in short transurethral procedures in elderly.
All patients in all groups will receive prehydration with 8 ml/kg Ringer’s lactate solution.Lumber puncture will be performed at L 4-5 intervertebral space with the patient in the sitting position using a 22 gauge spinal needle, barbotage will not be performed after injection the patient will be immediately placed in the lithotomy position.
The following measurements were taken in patients:
1. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate and arterial oxygen saturation: were recorded before intrathecal injection of the drugs, immediately after drug injection, every 5 minutes till fixation of the level of spinal anaesthesia and every 15 minutes after intrathecal block.
2. Sensory block: the following were recorded time to T10 sensory level every 1 minutes till fixation of the sensory level at T 10, time to maximum sensory level, maximum sensory level in segments and to regression of sensory block which was done every 15 minutes.
3. Motor block: the following were recorded time of onset of the motor block which was tested using the modified Bromage scale every 1 minutes till complete blockade and time to regression of motor block was assessed every 15 minutes.