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Abstract
Plants are essential to the balance of nature and in people’s lives, provide not only foods, but also other useful materials such as wood, gums, rubbers, etc. They also contain a wide range of chemical compounds, which perform a variety of functions including pharmaceuticals, flavours, fragrance, colours and insecticides. These compounds belong to a group collectively known as secondary products or secondary metabolites or active constituents (Vanisree and Tsay, 2004 and Zhao et al., 2005).
Some of these pharmacologically active compounds have a rather complex structure and cannot be synthesized chemically at a competitive price. from these compounds, tropane alkaloids which are still produced by extraction of various Solanaceae plants such as Hyoscyamus and Datura (Balandrin and Klocke, 1988 and Wink, 2003). Advanced chemical methods can synthesize medicinal and aromatic compounds, but the cost in many cases is expensive and not economically feasible (Oksman-Caldentey and Inze, 2004).
Nevertheless, the use of synthetic compounds led to a decline in the use of medicinal plants, however, synthetic medicine can cause side effects and as a result, people are more favourable to use natural compounds obtained from plants. In addition about 25% of medical prescriptions in recent times contain at least one compound from plant species (Verpoorte et al., 1999; Bourgaud et al., 2001; Vanisree and Tsay, 2004). Thus, plants remain a major source of some medicinal compounds.