الفهرس 
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Abstract
The effects of SMF of intensity 1.8 mT superimposed to an alternating field of intensity 1.8 mT on mice injected with antitumor drug ( cisplatin) were studied.
For this reason, an exposure system capable of producing static and alternating magnetic field in a horizontal area of 20*30 cm2 was built up. This exposure system provides static and ELF H-field with an intensity in the KA/m range. The system allows eight animals to be exposed simultaneously with almost the same total (static+ELF) H-field intensity, but with different static and ELF components and consequently, with different induced electric field levels and currents. The H-field uniformity experienced by each mouse is fairly acceptable. The characterization of this exposure system can contributes to the improvement needed in the understanding of the role played by various exposure parameters such as field intensity and field components (static+ELF or a combination thereof) in the induction of the antitumor efficacy for example. This knowledge is important for extrapolating exposure conditions from animal to humans.
For the actual application of this system eighty mice were divided into four groups, each group consisting of 20 mice:
G I : injected saline and sham exposed to magnetic field …….control group
G II: injected saline and exposed to magnetic field.
G III: injected cisplatin and sham exposed to magnetic field.
GIV: injected cisplatin and exposed to magnetic field.
Then each group is subdivided into two subgroups, each group of 10 mice.
- After injection of mice with cisplatin(3mg/kg), they exposed to both static and alternating magnetic field for 35 min/day for 6 days/week.
The following was done after exposure:
• Blood samples were taken from tail of mice foe all groups every other day to study the hematological indicies.
• After one week of exposure, three mice from all groups were sacrificed and blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture to study the osmotic fragility.
• After 10 days of exposure, mice from the first subgroup for all groups were sacrificed and the following was done:
- Bone marrow from sternum was taken, spreaded on a slide forming a thin film and stained then examined on light microscope.
- Blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture to study the hematological indices.
- Spleen tissues were taken to study the relative spleen weight.
• After 21 days of exposure, mice from the first subgroup for all groups were sacrificed and the following was done:
- Bone marrow from sternum was taken, spreaded on a slide forming a thin film and stained then examined on light microscope.
- Blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture to study the hematological indicies.
- Spleen tissues were taken to study the relative spleen weight and the changes in the ultrastructure of these tissues.
- Kidney tissues were taken to determine the DNA content and to study changes in the ultrastructure of these tissues.
II- Conclusions
i- Exposure system designed
- The designed exposure system described is a versatile magnetic field system, that can be adjusted to produce stable static and/or alternating magnetic fields of intensity up to 25 mT without a sensible heating.
- The exposure system allows eight animals to be exposed to an almost constant total H-field intensity, but with different static and ELF components. from the beneficiates of this exposure system is that the eight animals may be divided into two groups each of four mice: the first of which is exposed to high static and low ELF H-field, while the second group is exposed to a low static and high ELF H-field, according to the position of the cages from the coils.
- The possibility of having animals simultaneously exposed to the same total H-field but different components (or a combination thereof) plays a key role in the induction of observed biological effects.
- The clarification is important because we can now separate the possible roles of the magnetic fields per se, or the corresponding induced electric fields and currents. This allows us to maintain the internal exposure conditions at the responsive site (i.e. to maintain the effect) when changing species and shape of the subject.
ii- Animal study
Injecting mice with cisplatin only resulted in:
• Change in the osmotic fragility proved by shifting MCF from 0.5% NaCl for control group to 0.64% NaCl indicating increased fragility.
• Changes in the hematological indices revealed by decrease in hemoglobin concentration by 25.7% from the control group, decrease in hematocrit by 21.7% from control group, decrease in red blood cells count by 30.2% from control group, decrease in platelet counts by 6.8% from control group and decrease in white blood cells by 30.7% from control group. Increasing lymphocyte count was observed with decreased neutrophilies count.
• A decrease in the bone marrow cell populations.
• Decrease in the relative spleen weight, with a decrease in the growth rate from 3.9113 gm/week for control group to 2.8166 gm/week.
• Decrease in the DNA content of the kidney tissues resulting from DNA break.
• Changes in the ultrastructure of both kidney and spleen tissues shown as apoptotic nuclei dense atrophic mitochondria.
Mice exposed to magnetic field only showed:
• Change in the osmotic fragility proved by shifting MCF from 0.5% NaCl for control group to 0.58% NaCl indicating increased fragility.
• Changes in the hematological indices revealed by decrease in hemoglobin concentration by 9.7% from the control group, decrease in hematocrit by 10.03% from control group, decrease in red blood cells count by 8.16% from control group, decrease in platelet counts by 2.6% from control group and decrease in white blood cells by 6.7% from control group. Increasing lymphocyte count was observed with decreased neutrophilies count.
• A decrease in the bone marrow cell populations.
• Decrease in the relative spleen weight, with a decrease in the growth rate from 3.9113 gm/week for control group to 3.2297 gm/week.
• Decrease in the DNA content of the kidney tissues resulting from DNA break.
• changes in the ultrastructure of both kidney and spleen tissues shown as round nucleus with dense clumped chromatin and large sized mitochondria.
Mice injected cisplatin and exposed to magnetic field showed:
• Change in the osmotic fragility proved by shifting MCF from 0.5% NaCl for control group to 0.70% NaCl indicating more severe increased fragility.
• Changes in the hematological indices revealed by decrease in hemoglobin concentration by 27.7% from the control group, decrease in hematocrit by 27.36% from control group, decrease in red blood cells count by 37.8% from control group, decrease in platelet counts by 8.1% from control group and decrease in white blood cells by 40.4% from control group. Increasing lymphocyte count was observed with decreased neutrophilies count.
• A decrease in the bone marrow cell populations.
• Decrease in the relative spleen weight, with a decrease in the growth rate from 3.9113 gm/week for control group to 1.6034 gm/week .
• Decrease in the DNA content of the kidney tissues resulting from DNA break.
• Changes in the ultrastructure of both kidney and spleen tissues shown as large round nuclei ,clearing up of the cytoplasmic content, microvessels found..
Finally, we can conclude that MF increase more and more the toxicity produced by i.p. injection of cisplatin.