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Abstract
Thalassemia is the commonest cause of chronic hemolytic Anemia in Egypt. thalassemia major is the most common ivpc and it usually becomes manifested clinically after ilie age of six months. Infections arc among flic leading causes of death in children wilh p-riialassemia major. The augmented susceptibility to infections in thalassemic patients is due to several factors such as repealed blood transfusion, splenectomy, iron overload, and chelating agent therapy.Iron overload in [J-Ihalasscmia major is due to the chronic hemolytic state, frequenl blood transfusion and intestinal hyperabsorption of dietary iron. Iron overload can be estimated by several methods including bone marrow biopsy, liver biopsy and serum iron profile.Natural killer cells are a subsel of lymphocytes which can be identified by the presence of certain characteristic surface antigens. These cells can mediate dual cytolytic activity, cither direel ctotoxicity wilhout prior sensitization or antibody-dependent cytotoxicity.Phagocylosis of invading microorganisms can be performed by both neutrophils and macrophages Chemotavis .