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Abstract
Breast milk is still the best source infant feeding. It comes with many obvious advantages to the infant. Benefits of breast feeding known to most include its ability to provide unique quality of nutrients along with immunity, certain enzymes and vitamins.
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are one of the most important components in breast milk. Benefits of these fatty acids found to be numerous including, brain development during its growth spurt in last trimester of pregnancy and infancy, retinal development and visual acuity. They also increase insulin receptors sensitivity to insulin and prevention of type II diabetes mellitus.
They have both structural and functional roles in neonates e.g:
Their structural role:-
They are essential part of phospholipids that play a role in the formation of membranes and brain.
Their functional role:-
They function as specific precursors for the production of eicosanoids e.g prostaglandins, thromboxane and leukotriens. They are powerful regulators of numerous cells and tissue functions.
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids play a role in prevention of some diseases e.g:- obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, a topic dermatitis, bronchial asthma and coronary heart diseases.
Adequate supply of LCPUFAs to the mother during pregnancy and lactation is an important for adequate LCPUFAs supply to the foetus and infant.
Both preterm and term infants are in need for LCPUFAs but preterm infants need more amounts than term infants.