الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the last decade or so, Egypt witnessed a notable growth in the touristy movement both internationally and locally. Consequently, a hasty growth of touristy development projects took place, usually in the form of touristy establishments among which - and foremost- were the so-called” touristy villages”, located in all areas of natural attraction, mainly sea or Nile shores with some exceptions here and there.
The unawareness characterizing this manner of development caused many problems and threats to the natural environment, usually destroying it forever. This study aims at providing the approach to such developments on the different levels and so, it deals with a complicated and tangled subject as is always the case with issues in which human uses are mixed with natural environmental concerns. Therefore; a recent approach that forms a flexible structure capable of encompassing the competing and diverse issues was adopted to settle the problem of designing touristy development projects without negatively affecting the environment that forms the basic element of touristy attraction.
To proceed, with this end in view, the research was divided into Two Parts each of which is divided, in its turn, into five chapters. The first part generally provides the tools with which to approach landscape and land use design by the landscape architect through John Tillman Lyle’s concept, which is demonstrated through a number of case studies in South California where the natural conditions are, in general, very close to those of Egypt’s touristy areas. The second part is dedicated to applying this approach to touristy development projects in Egypt in a manner that reflects the same structure of the first part. A point to stress here is that the term” landscape” refers to a natural environment with all its ecological, visual and immaterial characteristics, while” landscape design” refers to the manner of reassembling them to fit human uses and not just site visual or horticultural management.
Chapter 1: ”Approach”
This chapter provides the organization and theoretical skeleton of the research. It first offers a general approach to the subject, and projects the local need for a developed concept of land use design efforts to meet local and global concerns. Then, it proceeds to state the objectives of the study. Following that, a statement of the system of organization is presented. Finally it features the conclusion meant to be reached.
Chapter 2: ”Concepts of Environmental Design”
This chapter presents the main concepts of environmental design and the mythologies that the pioneers of that line like Charge and Simonds had introduced, ending with Lyle’s approach and its application in one of South California’s lagoons where a system of combining both human and natural functions was adopted. Thus creating a richer yet more productive ecosystem for both communities. This case study was compared to the case of the Egyptian Northwest Coast, and an evaluation was presented to show the effect of destructive development.
This chapter helps defining the scale of a given project under study and shows that any design effort results in forming an ecosystem related by integral laws and hidden relations to larger and smaller systems in an hierarchical structure, and that everything in nature is related all the other elements. This is done through demonstrating several case studies from which a fact is clearly, stated: •• There are no rigid rules for a design effort, it is the scale, concerns and issues that dictate the approach, but the use of analytical models and tables is always needed, their type is defined by the case at hand.”
Deals with the flow of energy, water and materials through human systems and policies of
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Chapter 6: •• Tourism: Types and Main Issues”
A review of tourism, its basics, assets, accommodation requirements and touristy types through the Egyptian situation. A gap in touristy attraction depending on wildlife and nature is indicated. The study, then, moves on to the types of touristy establishments to which many systems of definition were laid down. But, to our purpose of design, three definitions were
Concluded, namely;
Definition according to Ownership and Management.
Or” ”Nationality and Class
Or” ”Location and activities
An analysis was applied to three examples of Egyptian coastal touristy villages in different locations and showed a great shortage of locating the different elements and relating them to the natural landscape.
Chapter 7: ”Egyptian Environment: Identification (characteristics), Problems.
First, identifying the prevailing conditions in the Middle East, then a closer ’look at Egypt, demonstrating the major regions and their sub divisions, and areas with special environments, by defining them, their natural characteristics, problems, types of human activities and touristy attractions.
Chapter 8: ”Scale in Egypt”
Applying the hierarchy of scale to the Egyptian situation and modifying Lyle’s concept to fit the local conditions by identifying the size of each scale and its representation in practice, as well as the political, legal andcullural conditions that affect it. To end, the relations between the different natural regions with touristy potentialities is briefed in a table.
Chapter 9 : II The Practice of Landscape Design In Egypt”
An attempt is made to apply the concept of the river of design to the local practice through which the flaws and missing roles. steps and techniques can be easily visualized. The right shape of each is also mentioned. By assembling all procedures of design from the first part. and the local conditions from Chapter 6,7 and 8 a table is constructed through which any design effort could be evaluated and the general position is identified so as to define any shortcomings.
Chapter 10: ”Highly hts on Order In Touristy Landscapes and
Recommendations” •
Some of the main, ground rules of landscape design are demonstrated within the context of ecological structure, function, and pattern to fit our local practice. In the end, three sets of recommendations are laid down ; the first consists of general recommendations on the governmental role. The second is for professionals and those involved in the practice of landscape. As to the third, it embraces touristy practice to fit the general goal of a higher attraction. and a better environment to live in and enjoy.