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Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans and animals. In developing countries including Egypt, tuberculosis remains a major health problem as far as morbidity and mortality are concerned. Early diagnosis of tuberculosis is very important in minimizing the risk of further epidemic spread and because the treatment of tuberculosis differs from that for any other infectious diseases. So this study was performed to determine the incidence of tuberculosis among human being and cattle and to investigate the role of cattle in transmitting tuberculosis to man.
A total of 173 human and cattle different samples were collected including; 88 serum samples (50 samples collected from human and 38 samples collected from cattle), 35 human sputum samples, 15 human blood samples and 35 cattle lymph nodes.
• The human serum samples were examined for presence of TB by ELISA kits and found that the total incidence of human TB was (22 %).
• The incidence of TB in males (24 %) was higher than in females (19 %).
• The majority of human cases were observed in farmers (27.8 %) was the highest followed by housewives (23.5 %) then other occupations (20 %).
• The highest incidence of human TB in relation to age was observed in the age group 20-29 years (38.5 %) followed by the age group 40 — 50 years (26.8 %) and finally, the age group 30 -39 years (21.2 %).
• Persons inhibiting the rural areas (23 %) had incidence higher than persons inhibiting the urban areas (20 %).
• People having direct contact with cattle showed higher incidence (37.5 %) than people with no direct contact (20 %).
• The cattle serum samples were examined for presence of antibodies of TB by ELISA kits and found that the total incidence of cattle TB was 18.4 %.
• The highest incidence of cattle TB in relation to age was observed in the age group
> 2.5 — 5 years (31.2 %) followed by the age group >5 — 7.5 years (13.3 %).
• Hybrid cattle showed higher incidence than native cattle.
• Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA Kits in examined human serum samples was 22 % and 78 %, respectively.
• Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA Kits in examined cattle serum samples was 18.4 % and 81.6 % respectively.
• PCR examination of cattle lymph nodes revealed that 23 out of 25 lymph nodes with tuberculous like lesions were positive at the percentage of 92 % while all the 10 control lymph nodes were negative.
• PCR examination of human sputum samples revealed that 18 out of 25 patient sputum samples were positive at the percentage of 72 % while all the 10 control samples were negative.
• PCR examination of citrated human blood revealed that 7 out of 9 samples were positive at the percentage of 77.8 % while all the 6 control samples were negative.
• The sensitivity of PCR examination for lymph nodes, sputum and whole blood was 92 %, 72 % and 77.8 %, respectively while the specificity of all was 100 %.