الملخص العربى
Introduction
Anatomical and Physiological Considerations
Anatomy of the airway
Physiology of Respirutory System
Normall Spontaneous Breathing
Mechanics of respiration
Inspiration
Expiration
gas Flow and Pressure Grdients during Ventilation
Pulmonary Mechanics
Compliance of the lungs and chest wall
Resistance to gas flow
Time Constant
Work of breathing
Components of work of Breathing ··W. O. B:’
Lung volume and capacities
Ventilation Perfusion Ratio
Ventilation
Distribution of ventilation
Pulmonary perfusion
Distribution of perfusion
Ventilation-perfusion relationships
Dead Space
Shunts
Oxygen transport
Passive respiratory mechanics
Carbon Dioxide Transport
Bohar and Halden effect
history of venttlator therapy
Objectives of Mechanical Ventilation
Physiologic Objectives
Clinical Objectives
Types of mechanical ventilation
Invasive ventilation
Tracheal Intubation
The intubation procedure
Precaution
Axes of intubation
Modalities of invasive ventilation
Negative pressure ventilation
Positive pressure ventilation
Negative pressure ventilation
CNEP might also produce the following complications
Volume ventilation
Pressure-limited time cycled ventilation
Noninvasive ventilation
History of noninvasive ventilation
MODALITIES OF NONINVASIVE VENTILATION
Negative pressure ventilation
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation
Mechanisms of action
Inhalation and exhalation
BIPAP ventilator versus conventional ventilator
Nasal mask versus face mask
Patient selection
Guidelines for the use of NPPV in patients with acute respiratory failure
Protocol for Initiation of NPPV in patients with acute respiratory failure
Indications of Mechanical Ventilation
Acute Respiratory Failure
Pulmonary oedema and respiratory failure
Acute Respirator)’ Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in Children
•• La rvngcotracheobronchiris” Croup
Epiglotitis
Cvstic Fibrosis
Bronchiolitis
Mechanical Ventilation in the Absence of Respiratory failure
Asthma
Closed Head Injury
Increased Work of breathing
Disorders resulting in increased work of breathing
Low Respiratory rate
Sever Shock
Ventilatory Modes
Specific Modes of Ventilation
Standard Modes
Assist-Control (A/C)
Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV)
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
.\lternnte Modes of Ventilation
High-Frequency Ventilation(HFV)
Inverse Ratio Ventilation (IRV)
Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV)
Weaning from mechanical ventilation
Defenition
Benefits of reducing ventilation times include
Factors to consider in Weaning from the ventilator
On-ventilator derived parameters
Weaning parameters
Indications for weaning
Measure weaning parameters
Extubation
Protocol for extubation
Major causes of extubation failure
Weaning protocol
Weaning technique
Modes of Weaning
Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SilTs)
Synchroruzed intermittent Mandatory ventilation Mode(SlMV)
Pressure Support Ventilation Weaning
New Weaning Modes
CPAP as a method of weaning
Failure to wean
Recognition of Weaning Failure
Factors contributing to weaning failure
Ventilator induced lung injuries in pediatrics
Pathogenesis of Ventilator induced lung injuries
Pathophysiology of ventilator induced lung injuries
Manifestation of VlLI
Mechanisms ofVILI
Alveolar repair and fibrosis following lung injury
Complications of Mechanical Ventilation
Complications due to assisted ventilation and endotrachcnl intubation
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
Air leak (extraneous air syndrome)
Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE)
Pneumothorax
Pneumomediastinum
Pneumopericardium
Pneumoperitoneum
Volutrauma and Barotrauma
Retinopathy ofprematurity (ROP)
Major determinants of VILI
Ventilator determinants of VILI
lnspired oxygen fraction
Carbon dioxide
Patient determinants of VILI
Biologic Markers ofInflammation in Clinical Studies
Adjunctive Therapies to Lung-Protective Ventilation
Adj uncts to traditional mechanical ventilation in pediatrics Surfactant therapy
Avoidance ofventilator induced lung injuries
Prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury
Summary
References
الفهرس 
