الفهرس 
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Abstract
HCC is one of the most frequent cancer worldwide, responsible for approximately 560.000 deaths annually. It usually present at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis, with a median survival without treatment being only 1.6-8.3 months from the time of diagnosis in stage and stage I I I of the disease, respectively. It has an estimated incidence of between 250.000 and 1.2 million cases per year worldwide, and its prevalence shows striking geographical id racial variations.It nearly always develops in the setting of chronic hepatitis or Cirrhosis. The main causative agents HBV, HCV and aflatoxin pi, are [together responsible for about 80% of cells HCC in humans. Rapidly accumulated evidence from both epidemiologic and laboratory investigation has suggested that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection plays a crucial role in the etiology of HCC. However, the
contribution of HCV to the occurrence of HCC appears to vary substantially between geographic regions, being generally low in areas endemic for HBV infection and considerably high in Japan and some parts of southern Europe.