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Abstract
This in vitro study was designed to investigate the effect of different enamel surface pretreatments on bonding to self-etching adhesives. A total of 126 sound, non carious maxillary human premolars freshly extracted for orthodontic reasons were used in the study. Out of the 126 sound human premolars, 90 were used for shear bond strength testing and 36 for SEM examination.
For shear bond strength testing, teeth were divided into three equal groups of 30 specimens each according to the adhesive system used. In the first group, the strong self-etching adhesive system (Adper Prompt L-Pop) was applied, while the intermediary-strong self-etching primer system (AdheSE) was used for the second group and the mild self-etching primer system (Frog) for the third group. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups of ten specimens each, according to surface pretreatment. In the first subgroup, adhesive systems were applied following manufacturers’ instructions without any additional pretreatment. In the second subgroup, etching was performed using phosphoric acid prior to adhesive system application. In the third subgroup, pretreatment of the surface with EDTA was performed prior to adhesive system application. Tetric EvoCeram resin composite was used in conjunction with the tested adhesive systems. The specimens were tested using a shear bond strength testing protocol in a computer-controlled universal testing machine at cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The fracture sites of the debonded surfaces were examined under a stereomicroscope. For each type of failure encountered, a representative sample was chosen for examination under SEM.
For SEM examination, the same grouping was utilized for 36 teeth, resulting in four samples for each subgroup, two used for enamel surface topography examination and two for resin/enamel interface examination.