الفهرس 
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Abstract
Composting depends on biological process to decompose organic compounds of solid waste. Composting of rice straw or garbage supplemented with chemical accelerator, sheep manure and mixture of cellulolytic microorganisms was conducated and mixture of Azotobacter chroococcum and P-solubilizing bacteria as biofertilizer was added to half amount of compost to give qualified one. The enhanced use of bioinoculum in combination with chemical amendments accelerated the compost maturity and shorted the usual period of composting. Cellulolytic bacteria and fungi isolates were isolated from different sources. The isolates which gave faster positive results for their cellulase activity were identified as Micrococcus luteus , Kocuria rosea and Stachybortys sp. These strains were subjected to further environmental and nutritional requirements.
The optimum conditions for maximizing enzyme activity was addition of CMC as the most active carbon source for growth proliferation and enzyme activity for all cellulolytic strains at 1% concentration.
Also, addition of yeast as nitrogen source at 0.8 g/L for bacterial strain ; MnSO4 (0.5 g/L) for Micrococcus luteus and CaCl2 0.5 g/l for K. rosea as metallic ions and incubation period at 45C and pH 7.0.for 1 day and 4 days, respectively. For Stachybotrys sp., addition of peptone 2.2 g/L as N- source and CoSO4 (0.5 g/L) as metallic ions and incubation period for 5 days at 30C and pH 5.5 gave the maximum enzyme activity.
The laboratory results could be summarized as follow:
1. The highest diameter of CMC degradation zone was 3.2 cm, 2.8 cm, 2.4 cm for Stachybotrys sp., M. luteus and M.rosea, respectively.
2. CMC ase activity of Stachybortys sp. was (0.68 EU) followed by M. lutues (0.62 EU) and K. rosea (0.58 EU).
3. The B- glucosidase of Stachybortys Sp. was (0.17 EU) less than that of both M. luteus (0.54 EU) and M. rosea (0.45 EU).
These high active cellulolytic strains were used as celluloytic inoculum during composting of rice straw and garbage waste Composting process of rice straw and garbage wastes was conducted on small scale to evaluate the effect of bio cellulolytic inoculum on the composting process.
Addition of bio cellulolytic inoculum accerleate the composting process, decrease the organic carbon, increase the nitrogen and decrease the C/N ratio of the composted wastes than those without bioinoculation.
Composting process of rice straw and garbage was conducted on large scale in Maryut Station of DRC as follows.
For each ditch, 1/2 ton of each waste (rice straw and garbage) was spreaded individually in layers and supplemented with chemical accelerators and sheep manure and treated with 50 liter of cellulolytic inoculum (mixture of Micrococcus lutes, Kocurea risea and Stachybotrys sp.) After 100 days of composting, the composted waste is considered as mature when the C/N ratio reached 16.1, 12.9 for rice straw and garbage, respectively.
Half amount of each compost type was mixed with Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus sp. to produce the qualified compost.
Two field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Desert Research Center (DRC) at Maryut. Corn and sun flower were the task crops. Composted rice straw and garbage organic wastes were added to the soil at rate of 5 ton/ fed. before two weeks of planting. Soil in all treatments was amended with super phosphate (15.5% P2O5) at a rate of 250 kg/fed. Ammonium nitrate (33.3%) was applied at 2 rates, normal field rate 300 kg/ fed and half of this amount (150 kg/ fed), K- sulphate (48% K2O) was added to all treatments at a rate of 200 Kg/fed. Sunflower plants were harvested after 90 days from cultivation and 100 days for corn plants.
The results of the field experiments could be summarized as follows:
A. Sun flower plants:
1. The highest microbial counts figures being 122 and 117 x 106 cfu/ g dry soil for rice straw and garbage organic manures combined with biofertilizer and receiving full dose of inorganic N- fertilizer at flowering stage of sunflower plant growth, respectively.
2. The highest count of PDB group of microorganism were in the presence of full dose of inorganic N- fertilizer and amended with rice straw or garbage being 41, 46 x 103 cfu/g dry soil at flowering stage of plant growth, respectively.
3. Application of rice straw or garbage manure in combination with biofertilizer and inorganic N- fertilizer stimulate Azotobacter densities in all stages especially at flowering stage of plant growth.
4. Cellulose decomposers reached their maximal densities after 90 days of cultivation in the rhizosphere of biofertilized plants receiving full normal field dose of inorganic N- fertilizer and amended with rice straw or garbage manure being 50 and 54 x 104 cells gm dry soil, respectively.
5. The highest height recorded at harvesting stage of plant growth being 155 and 150 cm for the biofertilized treatments amended with rice straw and garbage received the full dose of inorganic N- fertilizer, respectively.
6. The plant shoots reached their maximal fresh weights being 672, 658 g/ plant for composted rice straw and garbage manures mixed with bioferilizer in the presence of full dose of inorganic N- fertilizer at harvesting stage of plant growth , respectively.
7. Maximum dry weight of shoots were significantly obtained by biofertilizer inoculation in the presence of full dose of inorganic N- fertilizer using garbage manure being 157 gm/ plant and the half dose of N- fertilizer for rice straw manure being 138 gm/ plant at harvesting stage.
8. The maximum chlorophyll content recorded with using rice straw followed by garbage manures in the presence of biofertilizer and half or full dose of inorganic N- fertilizer at flowering stage.
9. The highest significant increase for disc diameter and production of seeds recorded with using biofertilizer inoculation supplemented with full dose of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and amended with manures, for disc diameter being 25 and 25 cm and 2. 2. 1 ton/ fed for seed production for rice straw and garbage manure, respectively.
10. The highest oil percent and weight of 1000 seeds were recorded with using biofertilizer supplemented with full normal field dose of inorganic N- fertilizer. The rice straw was more effective than that of garbage.
B. Corn plants:
1. The highest increase for microbial densities were recorded with biofertilizer application amended with garbage manure being 125 x 105 cfu/ gm dry soil followed by rice straw manure being 125 x 105 cfu/ gm dry soil receiving full normal field dose of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer at flowering stage of plant growth.
2. The remarkable increase in PDB counts was recorded with treatment received full normal field dose of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer amended with garbage manure or rice straw manure being 35, 34 x 103 cfu/ gm dry soil at flowering stage of corn plant growth , respectively.
3. Bio- organic treatments recorded the highest increase in Azotobacter densities receiving full and half normal field dose of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer for rice straw followed by garbage manures at flowering stage of corn plant growth.
4. The highest cellulose decomposer counts were recorded by biofertilizer treatments amended with garbage followed by rice straw manures receiving half normal fields dose of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer being 46 and 42 x 102 cells / gm dry soil at harvesting stage of plant growth, respectively.
5. The highest plant height was noticed with biofertilizer application in treatments amended with rice straw followed by garbage manure receiving full normal field dose of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer being 250, 237 cm at harvesting stage of corn plant growth, respectively
6. The maximum values of both fresh and dry weight of shoot were significantly obtained by biofertilizer inoculation in the presence of full dose of inorganic nitrogen and amended with garbage or rice straw manures being 749 gm/ plant for both rice straw and garbage as fresh weight at flowring stage and 160, 156 gm/ plant for garbage and rice straw manures, as dry weight, at harvesting stage of corn plant growth, respectively.
7. Chlorophyll content reached the highest significant increase by using biofertilizer application in the presence of full normal field dose of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer amended with rice straw followed by garbage manure at flowering stage of plant growth.
8. Biofertilizer inoculation recorded significantly the maximum values of kernels weight which received full normal field dose of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and amended with rice straw followed by garbage manure for kernels weight being 440, 411 gm/plant and weight of grain being 28.3, 27.6 ardeb/ fed., respectively.
9. The lowest oil percent was obtained by control treatment being 15.8, the highest significant increase was noticed with biofertilizer treatments amended with rice straw receiving full normal field dose of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer being 22% followed in descending order by garbage manure receiving half or full normal fields dose of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer being 21%.