الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A new method of potymerization of Phenol by using anhydrous Aluminum Chloride as primary ,catalyst and Ferric Chloride or manganese Dioxide secondary catalyst is introduced . These are compared with that method of using Cupric as secondary catalyst In the case of using Ferrric chloride , the optimum conditions for the highest yield is 150 oC and 190 oC polymerization temperature for 4hours . The optimum molar ratio is 1: 1:2 .i Phenol : Aluminum chloride : Ferric ( Chloride , the highest yield is for Feric then second is Manganese Dioxide and the lowest for Cupric Chloride . Yeild range from 64% to 76% for ferric Chloride as secondary catalyst at temperature Dioxide and Cupric Chloride as secondary catalyst The infrared spectrum showed that the probability of 1.2.4 trisubstituted benzene ring Polyhdroxphenylene
Thermo gravimetric analysis shows that in case of using Ferric Chloride as secondary catalyst . an average activation energy of decomposition of 139.4 K J / mole is reached an reaches a maximum value of 264,7 KJ / mole at 1% decomposition . which is higher than the case of using Cupric Chloride as secondary catalyst ( 197.4 KJ /mole). Also the average activation energy of decomposition in case of Cupric Chloride is [ 31.3 K) mole which is also lower. Half life time decomposition is determined and it is shown that in the temperature range of 130 oC to 150 oC . which is the temperature large at which PVC completely decomposes , the half life time of decomposition of PHP is infinity for both polymers prepared by using other Ferric Chloride or Cupric Chloride as secondary catalyst. The PHP synthesized by using Feerric Chloride as a secondary catalyst is used as heat stabilizer for PVC and the Barabender study of the effect of PHP on PVC , showed that PVC compound with PHP does not shows any decomposition up to 30 minutes which is the maximum allowable time on the apparatus) . This value is higher than that for the traditional heat stabilizer ( Tribasic Loaf sulphate which is 20 minutes only . Also the activation energy of decomposition of PVC + PHP compound reaches a maximum of 222 KJ / mole in the temperature range of decomposition of PVC and an average value of 204.4% KJ / mole . This higher than the activation energy of decomposition of pure PVC ( 146 KJ / mole).
The half time of decomposition of PVC + PHP( prepared using Ferric Chloride as secondary catalyst has a maximum value of 269 dyastic 150 oC and generally the half life time is maximum in the range of temperature 120 oC to a50 oC PHP is used as thermal decomposition retarder for lubricating base oil. The DTA studies shows that the exothenic oxidation peak was been shifted to a higher temperature by 30 oC when PHP has added to base oil . also the beginning of decomposition occurs a temperature which higher than that of base oil only by 12 oC which express in temperature which is higher than that of bath oil only by 120 oC which express a very high thermal decomposition retardation Activities energy of decomposition of base oil- PHP ( synthesized using Ferric Chloride as secondary catalyst has an advantage value of 103 KJ / mole which is higher than of base oil only ( 23 KJ) /molle by 4.5 times which is strong evidence for the oxidation inhabitation capability of PHP
The half life time of decomposition of base oil – PH{ about twice that of base oil only in the temperature range of 200 – 250 oC.