الفهرس 
acknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Six patients were selected from the prosthetic department free from any systemic disorders with ranged age between 40:60 years. The selected patient had mandibular bilateral free end saddle with the remaining of the bicuspids in right and left side, the premolars used as abutments with crown root ratio for the abutments at least 1:1, with grade 1 mobility or less. All patients were classifed individually into right and left sides while every side used a type of extrocoronal attachment in the construction of the metallic removable partial denture.