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Abstract
SUMMARY
Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of some sedative and antiseptic materials on survival of tilapia during transportation to decrease the stress of transport and shaking. Also, The possibility of using vitamin C as anti-stress factor to overcome the stress resulting from higher stocking density and subsequently higher ammonia secretion and oxygen deficiency. The specific objectives are to study the following:-
The effect of (clove oil and/or methylene blue) in the water during tilapia transportation to decrease the stress caused by over-crowing and shaking (transport vibrations).
The effect of dietary protein level and vitamin C addition as anti-stress factors against stocking density on growth performance, feed utilization, carcass composition, plasma cortisol levels and histological examination of mono-sex, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
The 1st experiment:
The effect of addition Methylene blue 3 mg/l, Clove oil (40 ppt) and combined addition of Methylene blue 3mg/l with Clove oil (40 ppt) on immune response of fish and water total bacterial count of the water used during transport of Nile tilapia, O. niloticus 20 ±5 g. Fish were placed in 30-L polyethylene bags with 10 L. of water at a density of 25 fish per bag (50g/L). Four treatments were used as follows:
Treatment 1: (control- no chemicals added), Treatment 2: (3 mg/l of methylene blue), Treatment 3: (40 ppt clove oil) and Treatment 4: (3 mg/l of methylene blue + 40 ppt clove oil). Each treatment was replicated tow times. Transportation proceeded through paved roads for 3h. Mortalities were recorded for three hours after arrival. Results could be indicated as follows,
Cortisol level:
The results indicated that addition of MB to transport water significantly reduced plasma cortisol level as compared to the level in control fish and group exposed to clove oil. Combined addition of MB and clove oil to transport water resulted in significant lower plasma cortisol level than those of control fish but higher than values in fish exposed to MB alone.
Glucose level:
The results indicated that addition of clove oil to transport water significantly increased glucose level above that of control group .Addition of MB to transport water significantly reduced glucose level in transported fish. Combined addition of MB and clove oil resulted in non significant differences in plasma glucose level compared to the control.