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Abstract Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a two components method for tresting brain and other organs tumors. The optimal source neutron energy for treating deep-seated brain tumors was studied. Two steps (parts) maneuver was adopted in the present study. The following conclusions were accomplished. The four proposed postulations and the source neutrons energy range estimated by the escalation study were satisfactorily accurate. The keff factor of the (252 Cf-SMA) was 0.9296, which is suitable for the proposed use. The (252 Cf-SMA) provided an epithermal enhancement factor= 19.4. The neutron beam produced by the (252 Cf-SMA) was appropriate for BNCT, with good figures of merits in the head phantom. Additionally; all figures of merits were sensitive both to the RBE values applied and the differential 10 B concentration. It was also found that improvement of the differential 10 B concentration could provide further improvement of all figures of merits. |