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Abstract
1Conclusion and recommendation:zAn important problem in the design of vertical formwork system for concrete columns and walls is the determination of the magnitude and distribution of the lateral pressure exerted by fresh concrete
2- The equations which using in design the lateral concrete pressure on vertical formwork are empirical formulae, which have been developed in the early decades of the last centuries
3- the major problems is to find a readily available device for measuring the lateral concrete pressure
4- To overcome at that problems we developed a new device for measuring the lateral concrete pressure. The device is to have a relatively inexpensive device that can be produced from locally available materials, easy to handle and install
5- A new device has been developed for calibration. The devices were calibrated by using water pressure.
6- Seventeen experiments have been conducted on a column shape formwork together with an addition wall case. Ten devices were used to monitor lateral concrete pressure along the column height
7- There were different types of casting utilized in this research including concrete pump, manual, and track mix truck.
8- The comparison of test results values for all experiments was show the effect of each factor at the lateral pressure.
a- Effect of slump, The lateral concrete pressure for higher slump was higher than the concrete with lower slump.
b- Effect of rate of placement. The lateral concrete pressure for higher rate of placement was slightly higher than the concrete with lower rate of placement
c- Effect of vibration. The lateral concrete pressure which using vibrator while casting was higher than using vibrator after casting
d- Casting at layers. The lateral concrete pressure which casting (It one lift as higher than when casting at two stages.
9- The comparison of test results values with available formula, vz, (ACI, UK) show the different values between them.
10- The proposed equation for estimating maximum lateral concrete pressme used all the factors affecting the LCP such as the rate of placement (R), temperature of concrete (Tc), slump (S), unit weight of concrete, height of concrete, IO-When using pumps for casting, the maximum pressure must increase by 18% for pump surge pressure. Or increasing by 12% when using vibrator.