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Abstract
Literature review cited that tracheostomized patients should have special knowledge and skills concerning the tracheostomy care in order to prevent or reduce tracheostomy complications. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a designed nursing intervention protocol on prevention/ reduction of tracheostomy complications as well as on length of hospital stay.The study sample was purposive in nature, consisted of 60 patients divided randomly into study and control groups (30 patients each). The study was conducted over 11 month in Surgical and Intensive Care Units of Shebien El Kom University Hospital and head and neck Cancer unit in National Cancer Institute of Cairo University, the study group subjects consisted of 25 males and 5 females in each of the two groups. Their age ranged from 40 to 50 years old with a mean age of and . for the two groups respectively patients in both groups were pre- tested, immediately post and tested before discharge (tools implementation).A questionnaire sheet was used to collect demographic data, health habits, information given before operation, knowledge about tracheostomy, knowledge about skills related to tracheostomy care. An observational check list was designed for observing the performance of changing tracheostomy dressing, cleaning tracheostomy tube, inflation and deflation of cuff, breathing and coughing exercises, also observing tracheostomy complications and manifestation of stoma infection, as well as dyspnea was assessed by dyspnea analogue scale, in addition to respiratory assessment for detection of respiratory infection Manifestations of respiratory infection among study group subjects had significantly decreased than those among control group subjects. signs and symptoms of stoma infection among study group subjects had significantly improved than those among control groups subjects.Tracheostomy complications among study group subjects had significantly decreased as compared to those among control group subjects. Chest sounds among study group subjects had significantly improved than those among control group subjects.Dyspnea analogue scale score had significantly decreased than those among control group subjects. Vital signs among study group subjects had significantly improved as compared to control group subjects .The mean knowledge scores among study group subjects had significantly increased than those of the control group subjects. The mean practice score among study group subjects was higher than those of the control group subjects. As well positive correlation between knowledge and practice was found among the patients who received a designed nursing intervention protocol as compared to the control group subjects. Hospitalization periods among study group subjects were significantly short than among control group subjects In conclusion, enrichment of patients with knowledge and skills about tracheostomy care in addition to practicing of breathing and coughing exercises seemed to have a positive impact on prevention/ reduction of tracheostomy complications and on reduction of hospital stay.