الفهرس 
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Abstract
Elevation of some lipids such as cholesterol and triacylglycerol especially in old ages is considered a positive risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary artery diseases. Since egg yolk is one of the most concentrated sources of cholesterol in human’s die Recentk5 trials were done to reduce the cholesterol content of the egg and meat in chickens. The use of nutritional supplements has been shown to be effective and safe in decreasing the higher values of both cholesterol and triacylglycerol in hyperlipidemic patients. The aim of this work is to investigate the biochemical effect of some natural compounds (garlic powder an cod liver oil) and synthetic compound cupric sulphate which act as hypolipidemic agent in laying hens on the:
1. Lipids and lipoprotein constituents in the serum and egg of laying hens.
2. Antioxidant enzymes system in the liver tissue.
3. Performance (body weight, feed efficiency and egg production) in laying hens.
The study was conducted in two experiments:
Experiment I:
Fifty-six pullets (24 weeks old) were allocated into seven equal groups of laying hens and fed on seven dietary treatments based on corn-soybean diet for eight weeks. The first group received basal ration and considered as control group. The second and third groups received basal diet supplemented with garlic powder (1.5 and 3%, respectively). The fourth and fifth groups received basal diet supplemented with marine fish oil (1.5 and 3%). The sixth and seventh groups received basal ration supplemented with cupric sulphate 125 and 250 mg/kg diet. Blood and egg samples were obtained at the 4th and 8th weeks post experiment and clear sera were separated and egg lipid extraction was kept frozen until analyzed. Also, liver samples of all investigated groups were taken at the end of the experiment for determination of its total lipids extraction and antioxidant enzymes activities.
Experiment II:
In this experiment, twenty pullets (24 weeks old) were supplemented with 4% animal tallow for two weeks, after that the pullets were allocated into four equal groups. The first group received hyperlipidemic diet (4% tallow) and remained as control group. The second group supplemented with 3% garlic powder with hyperlipidemic diet. The third group supplemented with marine fish oil 3% with hyperlipidemic ration, and the fourth group received cupric sulphate 125 mg/kg added to hyperlipidemic ration for eight weeks.
The obtained results from experiment I are summarized as follows:
1. Serum criteria:
Addition of garlic powder (1.5 and 3%), marine fish oil (1.5 and 3%) and cupric sulphate (125 and 250 mg/kg diet) resulted in
• A significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum TL, TCh, TAG, LDLc, VLDLc and LP.
• A significant increase (P<0.05) in s.PLs in all investigated groups and s.HDLc only in group received garlic 3%.